SDB:Zypper usage 11.3
Inhoud
Snelle referentie
Dit is wat u waarschijnlijk het meest frequent zult gebruiken.
zypper # om alle opties en commando's te tonen zypper help search # om helpinformatie te tonen voor het search-commando zypper lp # om te kijken welke patchupdates nodig zijn zypper patch # om de nodige patches aan te brengen zypper se sqlite # om sqlite te zoeken zypper rm sqlite2 # om sqlite2 te verwijderen zypper in sqlite3 # om sqlite3 te installeren zypper in yast* # om alle pakketten te installeren die aan yast* voldoen zypper up # om alle geĆÆnstalleerde pakketten bij te werken naar hun meest recente versie
Spiekbriefje
Onderstaande PDF-bestanden bevatten een samenvatting van de informatie op deze pagina. Het bevat ook een paar referenties uit de manpagina's. Het is aanbevolen om het te gebruiken nadat u de hier gegeven informatie hebt gelezen.
| Eerste pagina A4. |
| Tweede pagina A4. |
| Eerste pagina letter-formaat. |
| Tweede pagina letter-formaat. |
Algemeen gebruik
De algemene syntaxis van zypper is:
De parameters die omringd zijn met vierkante haakjes zijn niet verplicht. De eenvoudigste manier om zypper uit te voeren is dus door zijn naam in te typen gevolgd door een commando. Om bijvoorbeeld de nodige patches aan te brengen typt u het volgende:
| Dit artikel is nog maar gedeeltelijk vertaald. Als u mee wilt helpen met vertalen lees dan Wiki vertalen naar het Nederlands. |
Additionally, you can choose from one or more global options by typing them just before the command: (run the command, but don't ask me anything, decide on your own)
To use the options specific to particular command, type them right after the command: (apply needed patches to the system but don't ask me to confirm any licenses, i've read them all before)
Some of the commands require one or more arguments: (install or update mplayer package)
Some of the options also require an argument: (search for patterns)
All of the above combined: (install mplayer and amarok by using the factory repository only, be verbose)
User prompts
Whenever zypper needs some input from you, it lists possible answers in brackets next to the prompt text. To choose the default answer, just press <enter> (the default answer is printed in capitals (with the exception of non-ascii characters)). Some prompts also have help available, in which case there is a question mark '?' listed as a possible answer. To make zypper use the default answers without user interaction, use the --non-interactive global option.
Vocabulary
- repository - local or remote directory containing packages and various package information (package metadata). Repositories were formerly known as installation sources , services or catalogs).
- alias - repository alias is a short version of repository name for use in repository handling commands and options as removerepo or --repo.
- package - software package (RPM package, source package). Patches, patterns, and products are also commonly referred to as different types of packages.
- patch - represents a package or a group of packages needed to install an update (a bug fix mostly).
- pattern - represents a group of packages. For example an Http Server pattern would have the dependencies defined so that all packages needed to run and manage an http server would have been triggered for installation when upon installing the pattern.
- product - represents the whole product (e.g. 'openSUSE 11.1').
Commando's
zypper provides a number of commands which can be grouped into the following categories:
- repository management
refresh, repos, addrepo, removerepo, modifyrepo, namerepo
refresh-services, services, addservice, removeservice, modifyservice - package management
install, remove, source-install - update management
patch, list-patches, patch-check, patches, update, list-updates, dist-upgrade - querying
search, info, what-provides, list-updates, patch-check, patches, packages, patterns, products - locking
locks, addlock, removelock, cleanlocks - utilities
verify, install-new-recommends - other
help, licenses, versioncmp, targetos
Printing help
First, it is good to know how to get help. To print general help (list of commands and global options), just type zypper without any option or arguments. To print help for specific command, use:
To obtain specific help for a command, use:
Note that using -h instead of --help is also possible for convenience.
Repository management
You can specify existing repositories by their number in the list produced by zypper lr, alias, or URI. When using the numbers, make sure you always check zypper lr first, as the numbers may change after you made some changes to the repositories.
Listing defined repositories
repos or lr
Example output:
# | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+-----------------------+-----------------------+---------+-------- 1 | packman | Packman 11.1 | Yes | No 2 | fate | fate | No | No 3 | openSUSE-11.1-Updates | Updates for 11.1 | Yes | Yes 4 | repo-oss | openSUSE-11.1-Oss | Yes | No 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-11.1-Non-Oss | Yes | No 6 | repo-debug | openSUSE-11.1-Debug | No | No
# zypper lr 5 4 Alias : openSUSE-11.3-Non-Oss Name : openSUSE-11.3-Non-Oss URI : http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/11.3/repo/non-oss/ Enabled : Yes Priority : 99 Auto-refresh : Off Keep Packages : Off Type : yast2 GPG Check : On GPG Key URI : Path Prefix : / Parent Service : MD Cache Path : /var/cache/zypp/raw/openSUSE-11.3-Non-Oss Alias : openSUSE-11.3-Oss Name : openSUSE-11.3-Oss URI : http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/11.3/repo/oss/ Enabled : Yes Priority : 99 Auto-refresh : Off Keep Packages : Off Type : yast2 GPG Check : On GPG Key URI : Path Prefix : / Parent Service : MD Cache Path : /var/cache/zypp/raw/openSUSE-11.3-Oss
Other examples:
zypper lr -u # to include also repo URI in the table zypper lr -d # to include several other repo properties in the table zypper lr -P # to include also repo priority and sort the list by it zypper lr -e my # export all repository definitions into file named 'my.repo'
Adding repositories
addrepo or ar
Before any packages can be installed at least one repository must be defined. To add a repository, use the addrepo command:
Example output:
Adding repository 'vlc' [done] Repository 'vlc' successfully added Enabled: Yes Autorefresh: No URI: http://download.videolan.org/pub/vlc/SuSE/11.1
Other examples:
zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/X11:/XGL/openSUSE_11.1/X11:XGL.repo # via .repo file zypper ar -c ftp://some.download.site myalias # probe the repository upon adding zypper ar my/dir/with/rpms local # add your local directory with rpm files as repository
See also Libzypp for the list of supported media types and URIs.
Refreshing repositories
refresh or ref
After adding of a repository or when a repository becomes out of date, it needs to be refreshed. This mean downloading package metadata from it and preprocessing the data into .solv cache for quick reading.
Downloading repository 'Packman 11.1' metadata [done] Building repository 'Packman 11.1' cache [done] Downloading repository 'Updates for 11.1' metadata [done] Building repository 'Updates for 11.1' cache [done] Repository 'openSUSE-11.1-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed.
If autorefresh is enabled for a repository, you don't need to worry about refreshing, it happens automatically when needed. However, some people prefer to be in control when the refresh takes place (e.g. to avoid waiting for the refresh to complete when you only wanted to see 'zypper info krusader'), so they disable autorefresh. See man zypper for more details.
Other examples:
zypper ref packman main # you can also specify which repositories to refresh zypper ref -f upd # force refresh of the 'upd' repository
Removing repositories
removerepo or rr
Repository 23 not found by alias, number or URI. Repository foo not found by alias, number or URI. Removing repository 'repo-debug' [done] Repository 'repo-debug' has been removed. Removing repository 'vlc' [done] Repository 'vlc' has been removed.
Modifying repositories
modifyrepo or mr
Disable repository #6:
Repository 'repo-non-oss' has been sucessfully disabled.
Enable autorefresh and rpm files caching for 'packman' repository and set its priority to 70:
Autorefresh has been enabled for repository 'packman'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'packman'. Repository 'packman' priority has been set to 70.
Disable RPM files caching for all repositories:
Nothing to change for repository 'local'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'packman'. Nothing to change for repository 'fate'. Nothing to change for repository 'upd'. Nothing to change for repository 'repo-oss'. Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
Enable RPM files caching for all repositories:
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'Main Repository (OSS)'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'Main Repository (NON-OSS)'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-11.1-Updates'.
Renaming repositories
renamerepo or nr
Repository 'openSUSE-11.1-Updates' renamed to 'upd'.
This command is currently only able to change the alias of the repository. If you wish to change the displayed name of the repository, take a look at the mr command.
Keep the aliases short and simple for an easy use as arguments of commands and --repo options. Using an alias is safer than using repo number (since that may change and you can easily make a mistake) and easier than using URI (since they are long, leaving you with copy-and-paste).
Export/Import repositories
repos --export or lr -e
You can export your complete repository list to a file and import it later or on another machine.
Service management
<to be added>
Package management
Selecting packages
There are several ways in which you can choose packages for installation or removal.
- by capability name
zypper in eclipse
zypper in qt - by capability name and/or architecture and/or version
zypper in 'zypper<0.12.10'
zypper in zypper.i586=0.12.11 - by exact package name (--name)
zypper in -n ftp - by exact package name and repository (implies --name)
zypper in factory:zypper - by package name using wildcards
zypper in yast*ftp* - by specifying an .rpm package file to install
Installing packages
install or in
You can install packages by name...
Reading installed packages... The following NEW packages are going to be installed: subversion-perl sqlite3 perl-DBD-SQLite git-svn git-cvs git Overall download size: 1.1 M. After the operation, additional 4.6 M will be used. Continue? [YES/no]: Downloading package subversion-perl-1.5.0-96.1.x86_64 (1/6), 950.0 K (4.1 M unpacked) Downloading: subversion-perl-1.5.0-96.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: subversion-perl-1.5.0-96.1 [done] Downloading package sqlite3-3.5.7-17.1.x86_64 (2/6), 30.0 K (40.0 K unpacked) Downloading: sqlite3-3.5.7-17.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: sqlite3-3.5.7-17.1 [done] Downloading package perl-DBD-SQLite-1.14-41.1.x86_64 (3/6), 44.0 K (103.0 K unpacked) Downloading: perl-DBD-SQLite-1.14-41.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: perl-DBD-SQLite-1.14-41.1 [done] Downloading package git-svn-1.5.4.5-26.1.x86_64 (4/6), 66.0 K (195.0 K unpacked) Downloading: git-svn-1.5.4.5-26.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: git-svn-1.5.4.5-26.1 [done] Downloading package git-cvs-1.5.4.5-26.1.x86_64 (5/6), 63.0 K (205.0 K unpacked) Downloading: git-cvs-1.5.4.5-26.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: git-cvs-1.5.4.5-26.1 [done] Downloading package git-1.5.4.5-26.1.x86_64 (6/6), 10.0 K (3.0 K unpacked) Downloading: git-1.5.4.5-26.1.x86_64.rpm [done] Installing: git-1.5.4.5-26.1 [done]
...or by capability they provide:
Reading installed packages... 'MozillaFirefox' providing 'MozillaFirefox<3' is already installed. Nothing to do.
Reading installed packages... The following packages are going to be upgraded: mozilla-xulrunner190-translations MozillaFirefox mozilla-xulrunner190-gnomevfs mozilla-xulrunner190 MozillaFirefox-translations The following package is going to be REMOVED: mozilla-xulrunner190-lang Overall download size: 11.0 M. After the operation, 12.9 M will be freed. Continue? [Y/n/p/?]:
Reading installed packages... 'libqt4-x11' providing 'libqtiff.so()(64bit)' is already installed. Nothing to do.
Other examples:
zypper in yast* # install all yast modules zypper in -t pattern lamp_server # install lamp_server pattern (packages needed for a LAMP server) zypper in vim -emacs # install vim and remove emacs in one go zypper in amarok packman:libxine1 # install libxine1 from packman and amarok from any repo zypper in bitchx-1.1-81.x86_64.rpm # install bitchx rpm from local directory zypper in -f subversion # force reinstallation of subversion
Removing packages
remove or rm
The remove command is very much like the install command, except that the effect is the opposite :O)
Reading installed packages... The following packages are going to be REMOVED: sqlite3 perl-DBD-SQLite git-cvs git After the operation, 351.0 K will be freed. Continue? [YES/no]: n
Source packages and build dependencies
source-install or si
Reading installed packages... The following NEW packages are going to be installed: libzypp-devel libsatsolver-devel The following source package is going to be installed: zypper Overall download size: 1.5 M. After the operation, additional 6.7 M will be used. Continue? [YES/no]:
You can also install only the build deps or only the source package:
zypper si -D zypper # only the source packages (no build deps) zypper si -d zypper # only the build deps (no source package)
Updating packages
update or up
The following commands update packages with their newer available versions. See also Update Management for more information.
zypper up # update all installed packages with newer version as far as possible zypper up libzypp zypper # update libzypp and zypper zypper in sqlite3 # update sqlite3 or install it if not yet installed
Querying
Searching packages
search or se
By default, the search command looks for packages of any type, status or repository, having names containing specified string (compares case-insensitively):
Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+-------- | libapr-util1-dbd-sqlite3 | DBD driver for SQLite 3 | package i | libgda-3_0-sqlite | Sqlite Provider for GNU Data Access (GDA) | package | libqt4-sql-sqlite | Qt 4 sqlite plugin | package i | libsqlite3-0 | Shared libraries for the Embeddable SQL Database Engine | package | libsqlite3-0-32bit | Shared libraries for the Embeddable SQL Database Engine | package | mediatomb-sqlite | UPnP AV MediaServer | package i | mono-data-sqlite | Database connectivity for Mono | package | pdns-backend-sqlite2 | SQLite 2 backend for pdns | package | pdns-backend-sqlite3 | SQLite 3 backend for pdns | package i | perl-DBD-SQLite | The DBD::SQLite is a self contained RDBMS in a DBI driver | package i | php5-sqlite | PHP5 Extension Module | package | python-sqlite2 | Python bindings for sqlite 2 | package | qt3-sqlite | SQLite Database Plug-In for Qt | package | rekall-sqlite | Rekall sqlite Database Backend | package | rubygem-sqlite3 | A Ruby interface for the SQLite3 database engine | package i | sqlite2 | Embeddable SQL Database Engine | package | sqlite2-32bit | Embeddable SQL Database Engine | package | sqlite2-devel | Embeddable SQL Database Engine | package i | sqlite3 | Embeddable SQL Database Engine | package | sqlite3-devel | Embeddable SQL Database Engine | package | sqlite3-tcl | Tcl binding for SQLite | package | tntdb1-sqlite | Tntdb is a c++-class-library for easy database-access - sqlite | package | ulogd-sqlite | SQLite output plugin for ulogd | package
The letter "i" in column one (1); states that the package is already installed on the local machine. To see all available versions of matching packages, use "--details/-s" option:
Reading installed packages... S | Name | Type | Version | Arch | Repository --+----------------+---------+------------+--------+------------------------------------ v | virtualbox-ose | package | 1.6.2-2.1 | x86_64 | VirtualBox OSE i | virtualbox-ose | package | 1.5.6-33.1 | x86_64 | openSUSE-11.1-Oss v | virtualbox-ose | package | 1.5.6-20.5 | x86_64 | VirtualBox OSE ( v | virtualbox-ose | package | 1.6.2-2.1 | i586 | VirtualBox OSE v | virtualbox-ose | package | 1.5.6-33.1 | i586 | openSUSE-11.1-Oss v | virtualbox-ose | package | 1.5.6-20.3 | i586 | VirtualBox OSE
The letter "i" in column one (1); states that the software selected is already installed on the local machine, while the letter "v" in column one (1); states that there are other versions of the product installed on the local machine.
Other examples:
zypper se -dC --match-words RSI # look for RSI acronym (case-sensitively), also in summaries and descriptions zypper se 'yast*' # show all packages starting with 'yast' (beware of shell expansion, quote the strings if unsure!) zypper se -r packman # list all packages from 'packman' repository zypper se -i sqlite # show all installed packages containing 'sqlite' in their name zypper se -t pattern -r repo-oss # list all patterns available in the 'repo-oss' repository zypper se -t product # list all available products
Obtaining information about packages
info or if
Reading installed packages... Information for package amarok: Repository: Packman 11.1 Name: amarok Version: 1.4.9.1-103.pm.1 Arch: x86_64 Vendor: packman.links2linux.de Installed: Yes Status: up-to-date Installed Size: 12.1 M Summary: Media Player for KDE Description: Amarok is a media player for all kinds of media, supported by aRts, GStreamer or Xine (depending on the packages you install). This includes MP3, Ogg Vorbis, audio CDs and streams. It also supports audio effects of all kinds that are provided by aRts. Playlists can be stored in .m3u or .pls files. Amarok also provides audio file collection management, by using either an embedded sqlite3, a MySQL or a PostgreSQL database.
This command displays detailed information about package named 'amarok'.
Other examples:
zypper info -t patch MozillaFirefox # show information about 'MozillaFirefox' patch zypper patch-info MozillaFirefox # the same as above zypper info -t pattern lamp_server # show info about 'lamp_server' pattern zypper info -t product openSUSE-FTP # show info about specified product
Dependencies
what-provides or wp
To list all providers of specified capability, do:
Reading installed packages... S | Name | Type | Version | Arch | Repository --+----------------+---------+-------------+--------+------------------ i | MozillaFirefox | package | 3.0-0.1 | x86_64 | Updates for 11.1 v | MozillaFirefox | package | 2.9.95-25.1 | x86_64 | openSUSE-11.1-Oss v | MozillaFirefox | package | 3.0-0.1 | i586 | Updates for 11.1 v | MozillaFirefox | package | 2.9.95-25.1 | i586 | openSUSE-11.1-Oss
This command is similar to rpm -q --whatprovides firefox, but rpm is only able to query the RPM database (database of the installed packages). Zypper, on the other hand, will tell you about providers of the capability from any repository, not only the installed ones.
Other queries
Commands patches, packages, patterns, and products are similar to search -s -t [patch,package,pattern,product], except that they display some additional information specific to the corresponding package type. For example patches shows also the status of patches (Needed/Security/Not Applicable).
Commands list-updates and patch-check are discussed in Update Management.
Package locks
locks or ll addlock or al removelock or rl cleanlocks or cl
Package locks serve the purpose of preventing changes to the packages on the system. Packages matching an active lock can't change their installed status; installed packages can't be removed or upgraded, packages not yet installed can't be installed.
To lock all packages starting with 'yast2', do:
Reading installed packages... Specified lock has been successfully added.
Again beware of shell expansion, use quotes if there is a possibility that yast* will match some files or directories in the working directory.
To list currently active locks:
# | Name | Type | Repository --+------------------+---------+----------- 1 | libpoppler3 | package | (any) 2 | libpoppler-glib3 | package | (any) 3 | yast* | package | (any)
To remove a lock, do:
Reading installed packages... The following query locks some of the objects you want to unlock: type: package match_type: glob case_sensitive: on solvable_name: yast2* Do you want remove this lock? [YES/no]: y Lock count has been succesfully decreased by: 1
Other examples:
zypper al zypper # lock package 'zypper' (exact match) zypper al -r repo-oss virtualbox* # restrict the lock to 'repo-oss' repository (allowing installation from others) zypper rl 3 # remove lock by number
You can manipulate the locks also by directly editing the locks file.
Utilities
Verify dependencies
verify or ve
You may occasionally end up with a broken system when it comes to package dependencies. If some of your applications fails to start with a message indicating that it misses something, this is something for zypper to check:
Could not find compatible GRE between version 1.9.0 and 1.9.0.
Reading installed packages... Some of the dependencies of installed packages are broken. In order to fix these dependencies, the following actions need to be taken: The following NEW package is going to be installed: mozilla-xulrunner190 Overall download size: 6.5 M. After the operation, additional 23.5 M will be used. Continue? [YES/no]: y
Install new recommended packages
install-new-recommends or inr
This command finds and installs newly added recommended packages for packages you have already installed. This provides an easy way to get new language bundles for your software or drivers for newly added hardware.
Reading installed packages... The following NEW packages are going to be installed: kdebase4-openSUSE-lang bundle-lang-common-cs Overall download size: 534.0 K. After the operation, additional 1.9 M will be used. Continue? [YES/no]:
Check processes
ps
This command shows processes that use files deleted by recent package upgrades or removal
There are some running programs that use files deleted by recent upgrade. You may wish to restart some of them. Run 'zypper ps' to list these programs.
The following running processes use deleted files:
PID | PPID | UID | Login | Command | Service | Files
------+-------+------+-------+---------------+---------+--------------------------------
10604 | 10603 | 1000 | geeko | chrome | | /usr/share/mime/mime.cache
| | | | | | /usr/share/mime/mime.cache
15304 | 3195 | 1000 | geeko | kio_thumbnail | | /var/tmp/kdecache-geeko/ksycoca4
| | | | | | /var/tmp/kdecache-geeko/ksycoca4
You may wish to restart these processes.
See 'man zypper' for information about the meaning of values in the above table.
Update management
There are two approaches to keeping your system up to date. One is patch-wise, the second is package-wise.
The patch-wise approach is particularly useful for people using stable releases and want update their systems with patches released through online update repositories. Update repositories are added by default during installation or upgrade of the system, or they can be added via Online Update Configuration from the Software tab in YaST Control Center, or manually using zypper. Here is the list of available openSUSE update repositories.
YaST equivalent of this feature is the Online Update module.
The second, package-wise update is described in section Package Updates and servers for general updating of packages from any repository with their newer versions.
Listing needed patches
list-patches or lp
To list all needed patch updates, do:
Reading installed packages... Patches Repository | Name | Version | Category | Status -----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+------- Updates for 11.1 | KDE4-fixes | 38 | recommended | Needed Updates for 11.1 | MozillaFirefox | 50 | recommended | Needed Updates for 11.1 | NetworkManager-kde | 49 | recommended | Needed
Sometimes only updates affecting the package management are listed, since these should be applied first. Once applied, the rest of available updates will be listed by this command.
This command is equivalent to zypper up -t patch known from older zypper versions. To list all available package updates, use:
Applying patches
patch
To apply the needed patches, do:
Reading installed packages... The following packages are going to be upgraded: NetworkManager-kde mozilla-nss mozilla-nspr kde4-korganizer The following NEW patches are going to be installed: NetworkManager-kde MozillaFirefox KDE4-fixes Overall download size: 2.9 M. After the operation, additional 283.0 K will be used. Continue? [YES/no]:
Listing all patches
patches
The list-updates command only lists needed patches. To list all available patches, use:
Reading installed packages... Catalog | Name | Version | Category | Status -----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+--------------- Updates for 11.1 | KDE4-fixes | 38 | recommended | Installed Updates for 11.1 | MozillaFirefox | 50 | recommended | Installed Updates for 11.1 | NetworkManager-kde | 49 | recommended | Installed Updates for 11.1 | autoyast2 | 37 | recommended | Installed Updates for 11.1 | courier-authlib | 42 | security | Not Applicable Updates for 11.1 | insserv | 47 | recommended | Installed Updates for 11.1 | opera | 43 | security | Installed
Checking patches
patch-check
This command will tell you whether there are any important patches available for your system and the number of such patches:
Reading installed packages... 0 patches needed (0 security patches)
Getting information about patches
patch-info
info -t patch
Reading installed packages... Information for patch MozillaFirefox: Name: MozillaFirefox Version: 50 Arch: noarch Vendor: maint-coord@suse.de Status: Installed Category: recommended Created On: Thu 01 Jan 1970 01:00:00 AM CET Reboot Required: No Package Manager Restart Required: No Interactive: No Summary: Mozilla Firefox 3.0 Description: This patch updates Mozilla Firefox to the final 3.0 version. The dependend libraries mozilla-xulrunner190, mozilla-nspr and mozilla-nss were also brought to their release version.
Package updates
list-updates or lu
update or up
To simply update installed packages with their newer available versions, do:
You can get a list of available updates with:
The above commands will list or update only such packages whose update has no dependency problems. To get raw list of packages with newer versions than those installed, do:
This will list all update candidates, regardless whether they are installable or not, or whether they need user's interaction to resolve some problems.
Distribution upgrade
dist-upgrade or dup
This command uses the distribution upgrade algorithm, which handles package splits, unmaintaned packages, and similar. Use it to switch to another distribution release.
It is recommended to enable only the main repository of the distribution you want to install plus a few important repositories you were using (even better - their version corresponding to the current main repository) during a dist-upgrade. You can achieve this by disabling the old repositories using zypper mr -da, adding the new repositories via zypper ar and issuing zypper dup. You can also specify repositories to be used using --repo option: zypper dup -r repo1 -r repo2 ....
Q: Is it true that "zypper up" only upgrades packages when a newer version is in the same repo as the outdated package and "zypper dup" upgrades everything, no matter in which repo the new package is located?
A: "zypper up" updates the packages if a newer version is available but will not change the vendor (Note: The whole build service currently has the same vendor). "zypper dup" will try to sync your currently installed packages with the ones available from (all) the repos you have enabled. This means it will also downgrade packages if your installed version is newer than the one available in the repo.
Using zypper in scripts and applications
Zypper supports several global options which make it suitable for use within automated processes like scripts. Also, several different exit codes listed in zypper's manual page can be checked for when using zypper in an automated process.
Non interactive mode
--non-interactive
In this mode zypper does not prompt the user for any answers and uses default answers instead. When using this option it is guaranteed that zypper will not hang prompting for an answer on stdin, or in an endless loop.
For example, to update your system automatically without confirmation, you can type
This command does not require confirmation from the user to proceed with update, skips all interactive patches which would need additional confirmation and also automatically answers any other prompts.
No GPG checks mode
--no-gpg-checks
If this option is used, zypper will always choose to continue if some of the gpg checks fails, e.g. a repository file is not signed and should be, a file is signed and the gpg check fails, etc.
Auto-agree with licenses
--auto-agree-with-licenses
This is special option for the install, remove and update commands. By using this, the user declares he/she agrees with the terms of licenses the command will install, and zypper will automatically say 'yes' to the license confirmation prompt. This is useful for people installing the same set of packages on multiple machines (by an automated process) and have read all the licenses before.
Quiet output
--quiet
Avoids displaying too much texts like progress information and only displays result of the operation and error messages.
XML output
--xmlout
This option makes zypper to talk in XML. This allows scripts, graphical front-ends or other types of applications which would like to use zypper, to parse zypper's output in a well-defined, standard way. The RNC schema of zypper's XML output is available here and at /usr/share/zypper/xml/xmlout.rnc.
Not all (but most of) the output is currently in XML; the goal is to have all possible output in XML.
Prompts
The following should be a complete list of cases where zypper needs user interaction together with the replies used in non-interactive mode. All the additional options mentioned here have higher priority over --non-interactive, so if used, the answer they imply are automatically used even if --non-interactive isn't used.
Where --no-gpg-checks is applied, a message is displayed or a warning is written to stderr and logged.
| prompt | default answer | with --no-gpgp-checks | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| accept unsigned file? | N | Y | |
| accept new key (reject the key, trust temporarily, or trust always? [r/t/a]) | R | R | a new key can be trusted or imported in the interactive mode only |
| accept unknown key? | N | Y | |
| verification of signed file failed, continue? | N | Y | |
| no digest for a file, continue? | N | Y | |
| accept unknown digest? | N | Y |
Other prompts
| prompt | default answer | other answer | note |
|---|---|---|---|
| proceed with installation/removal/update? | Y | in addition, the --no-confirm option can be used with the install/remove/update commands even without the global --non-interactive | |
| confirm 3rd party license | N | Y if --auto-agree-with-licenses is used | in addition, for zypper update, --skip-interactive option can be used to exclude interactive patches from to-be-installed list (a heritage of rug) |
| confirm a patch message | Y | ||
| problem while installing/removing a resolvable, Abort/Retry/Ignore? | ABORT | this is ugly and can be improved in future | |
| problem while downloading a package, Abort/Retry/Ignore? | ABORT | this is also ugly, can be enhanced somehow in the future | |
| dependency conflict, #/s/r/c (solution number, skip, retry, or cancel) | c | always cancel, user interaction is needed to resolve dependencies | |
| media change request | ABORT | ||
| remove problematic lock? | Y |
In XML output, prompts are indicated by <prompt> tag, containing id attribute. Enumeration of all known ids is available in prompt.h include file packaged with zypper (/usr/include/zypper/prompt.h).
Compatibility with Rug
Zypper's syntax is similar to that of Rug but its command and option set has started to diversify from rug as well as its output and behavior. However, zypper is able to work also in rug-compatible mode and supports most of the rug commands. For more details see man zypper, section COMPATIBILITY WITH RUG.