SDB:Hoe migreren naar een nieuwe versie van openSUSE
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Inhoud
Voorbereiding van de migratie
Reservekopie maken van uw gegevens
Uw gebruikers bevinden zich in /home/<username>. Dus om er zeker van te zijn dat er absoluut niets verloren gaat, moet u hier een backup van maken op een extern medium. U zult van alles wat zich in /home bevindt een backup moeten maken als u geen separate partitie hiervoor gebruikt.
Een backup is meer dan een kopie van de mappen en bestanden. Zorg ervoor, dat ook de eigenaar en de rechten van mappen en bestanden bewaard worden. Doet u dat niet, dan bestaat de kans dat u bij het terugzetten de bestanden niet kunt gebruiken. Dat geldt vooral, wanneer u behalve uw eigen bestanden ook een backup maakt van de /home/<gebruikersnaam> van een andere gebruiker dan uzelf.
Als u de backup op een DVD brand, geef dan in het brandproces aan dat het om een backup gaat (en niet "gewoon"data").
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In K3B you can do this in the dialogue that pops-up when you click on Burn by going to the Filesystem tab, clicking on the Advanced-button next to the filesystem setting and ticking the checkbox for Preserve permissions (Backup).
If you want to copy all of your user's files to an external harddisk, it's easiest to do it via a konsole. Make sure your external harddisk is mounted and accessible. If you did not change anything, it can be found in /media/<folder_of_your_external_harddisk>. You can find out by navigating through your system with your favourite filemanager. If you know the path to your external harddisk, just open a konsole and do:
$ su
- cd /home
- cp -r -b -vvv username_to_be_backed_up /media/<folder_of_your_external_harddisk>
This will copy the whole user's folder to the external harddisk. If you are logged in as the user whose data you copy to an external harddisk (not burning them), you should not have to worry about files' permissions.
If you just backup your own user, you do not need to use su.
Selective backup
Backing up everything is the safest method, but might not be necessary. You can copy files manually from your user's folder to the external harddisk. The tricky bit is to know which folder holds what data.
There are the non-hidden files, i.e. those you see, they are straight-forward. Yet there are some important ones that one might forget about.
your.username.revoke - If you created and published an encryption key, you need this file to revoke it
There are hidden folders and files as well. To see them, open your filemanager and enable Show hidden files, which in KDE's Dolphin is situated in the View-menu or can be toggled via ALT+..
The hidden files and folders' name start with a ".". You can back them all up or select those you know are important. Their names are mostly straight-forward:
.kde - KDE3 settings .kde4 - KDE4 settings .mozilla - Thunderbird/Firefox settings .gnome - Gnome settings .bogofilter - Bogofilter spam-tool settings .ssh - SSH key .gnupg - encryption keys for encrypting/signing emails and files, also used by front-ends such as kgpg. .ooox - OpenOffice settings .strigi - desktop search indices . . .
Remembering partitions
Your harddisk is divided into so called partitions. You might have one with your Windows on it, another for your Linux and yet another for your data.
To find out, open a konsole and execute:
You will see a list of all partitions. You need to write down their partition, e.g.
/dev/sda1 = /windows/C /dev/sda2 = / (Your linux sysstem) /dev/sdb1 = /home (your users) /dev/sdb4 = SWAP
If you do not see any /dev/sdX = /home but just /dev/sxyz = /, then you must backup all data within /home since everything in there will be lost! The reason is that a new installation will format the partition the main system is put on, i.e. the root/system partition (/). If your /home folder is not on another partition, i.e. does not have its own /dev/sdX, it is part of the system partition and thus lost when the latter is formated during the installation.
Installing
Make sure your webcam, printer etc. are attached and switched on, otherwise the installer cannot detect them.
Start the openSUSE installation and pick new Installation instead of Upgrade. The important bit about the installation is to make sure that the installer gets your harddisk partitions right. So check twice, if it assigns the correct mount-point to the partitions, i.e. that for the example above /dev/sda2 is mounted as /. Same for /home.
The installer will mark all partitions it will format with a F and red font-colour. Make sure it only formats / and not /home. If done correctly, this will result in a new installation of the linux system on '/ but your users, which are on /home will be preserved.
In case the installer wants to resize your partitions you will have to change its recommendation. Make sure to assign the existing partitions to the correct mount-points and only format /.
If asked for a username, pick the same username you used before, the installer will re-use your old data from /home/<username>.
Subsequent work
If everything went as expected you do not need to copy anything from your backup to you system, as everything in your users' folder was preserved.
However you do need to set-up system-wide things like printer and or graphics-drivers. You can do this via YaST.
For multimedia make sure you add the Packman repository, via YaST > Repositories > Add > Community Repositories > Packman. It holds packages like libxine1 which you need to update in order to play mp3 files. See opensuse-community.org/Multimedia for details.
Further articles on how to set-up your printer and other hardware can be found in the HOWTO's-section of this wiki.